-Russian veterans return, find things are still shit, officers sympathize with their peasant underlings, form secret societies, main one called "Young Russia"
-also increasing blame towards monarchy
-which is viewed as having caused this war and military defeat
-also there's a pretty large serf population
-which is increasingly disgruntled after many of them were conscripted during Russo-Chinese War (1893-9)
-with radicalism and links in the army they are increasingly violent and rebel against their masters
-they also organize Young Russia clubs to continue organization from army years as well as to organize for improvement
-when tsar attempts to suppress this, brings Young Russians in military to forefront and they mutiny
-tsar reluctantly issues constitutions, when new elections end up empowering his enemies he tries to coup it
-army says fuck off, coup him back
-drives russia into tumultuous civil war period
-ends with young russians victorious, but with much of colonies broken off, russia spends future years trying to reconquer them
-also massive death toll
Atrocities
-Great Fear
-peasant riots beginning in 1899 with mass returns of serfs to their plantations with anger
-as well as many serfs choosing to fuck off, swelling size of cities
-resulting in mass riots in plantations
-with serfs freeing themselves, destroying owner's manors, and killing nobles
-and cities are increasingly organized into their own municipal governments
-peasant rebellions are ones which Constantine II crushes hard and this demolishes his popularity
-with rise of Heads of Russia > 1902-1903 Mikhail Morozov (Young Russia) † rebellions supported by state
-but many nobles see him as an usurper holding tsar hostage (rightfully) and try to ignore him
-peasant rebels organize themselves into Young Russia battalions
-and with execution of Constantine II these peasants are mostly victorious
-result is many, many dead aristocrats
-Constantinian Terror
-when Heads of Russia > 1898-1904 Constantine II freed from house arrest in 1903 he commits a series of massacres against his political opponents
-including Heads of Russia > 1902-1903 Mikhail Morozov (Young Russia) † and several Sobor members
-as well as many Jews
-only ends with his execution
-Doroshenkian massacres
-spearheaded by Ivan Doroshenko, Malorussian Hetman who views Jews as enemy of the Malorussian nation
-troops commit mass slaughters to "teach them a lesson", estimated 100,000 to 300,000 killed
-sees international revulsion, particularly from France, the United States, and British Isles
-and even countries like Germany think it's a bit much
-Doroshenko ultimately assassinated by a Jew in Paris where he's in exile, his murderer is today a Jewish hero
-Russian Reign of Terror
-purges of Russian Provisional Government against enemies
-even including internal factions
-also the killing of aristocrats, including relative innocents
-White Terror
-murders of rebellious peasants and the like by White faction
-begins in 1902 with sending of army to stop peasant rebellions
-ends up in incredibly bloody violence till Sobor called
-with dissolution of Sobor in 1903 there's a new breath of terror to a new and extreme degree
-till it tapers off in 1907
Sides of the war
First stage
-Tsarist Russia
-Young Russia and Sobor
Second stage
-Russian Provisional Government
-Malorussian Autonomy
-Malorussian Hetmanate
-Central Asian states
-White movement
Third stage
-Russian Provisional Government
-Malorussian Autonomy
-White movement
By year
-1902: Widespread unrest, increasingly unhappy serfs engage in violence and destruction of buildings; mass strikes across Russia including Petrograd and Moscow; organization of new councils unifying army officers and strikers under Young Russian banner; Young Russian officers march on the Kremlin; at gunpoint, Tsar declares General Mikhail Morozov the dictator of Russia
-1903: Sobor elections return a very large Young Russian majority; Tsarist elements of the military revolt, reach the Kremlin, arrests Dictator Morozov, and free the Tsar from his house arrest; the Tsar dissolves the Sobor and executes along with Morozov several members for treason; Sobor members escape to Pskov and issue appeal to the people for resistance and call for abolition of serfdom; rebellions kick off both in cities and across rural areas; despite executions of Young Russian leaders, army's loyalty in question and new, more shoddily trained officers brought in; ships from more reactionary navy brought into Petrograd
-1904: Rebellions amplify in magnitude; more youthful Young Russians side with the rebels and organize the mutiny; Sobor members return and declare themselves National Assembly with support from organized mutinial regiments; badly-organized Tsarist regiments defeated in battle and Young Russians retake Moscow and Petrograd; Tsarist loyalist ship Imperatritsa Yekaterina II in Petrograd harbor fires upon the city, destroying the Winter Palace and kicking off a fire that kills two thousand people, before land artillery destroys the ship; Tsarist base of Kronstadt falls to provisional government; serfdom abolished forever, Tsar captured while fleeing Petrograd; Russia declared a republic
-1905: Lithuania declares independence, Russian government executes Tsar and family after show trial, Cossack-dominated viceregency dumas in Little Russia and Caucasus unite and issue resolutions for independence as the "Malorussian Hetmanate"; viceregency duma of Siberia declares the establishment of an independent Siberian state; Russian Provisional Government raises armies against them; Central Asian states declare independence; Tsarist officers try a military coup which fails before getting purged
-1906: Yet another wave of army rebellions across Russia with army purges; advances into Little Russia fail, current Russian Provisional Government removed from power with army support, Russian government successfully forms alliance with anti-Hetmanate elements in Little Russia and advances do better
-1907: Russia defeats Hetmanate, but then it almost immediately breaks with the Little Russian elements by offering only weak autonomy which causes another outbreak of violence; Siberia falls to Young Russian troops, although control east of Lake Baikal is nonexistent
-1908: Russia defeats entirely the Malorussian Autonomy, signs treaties with Lithuania and Baltic states to give them independence in return for cutting off support of Malorussianism, also mops up last elements of reactionary violence
Aftermath
-Russia becomes new revolutionary regime
-undergoes rapid period of modernization under Ideology > Sociocracy
-with Recessions > Panic of 1911 the modernization comes to an end and sees ascent of Heads of Russia > 1914-1927 Gavril Vartanyan (Reunited Young Russia) † to power in military regime
-Central Asian states see independence for a time before they are reconquered
-Russia also successfully normalizes relations
Territorial changes
-Russia
-loses a fair amount of land
-Lithuania
-takes control of former Grand Duchy area
-Sweden
-takes control of Viborg and Karelia
-took control of Kola Peninsula but surrendered it in return for recognition of Viborg
-Baltic
-Baltic Germans successfully create a Duchy of Baltenland supported by Empire of the German Nation
-Caucasus
-Northern Caucasus Muslims unite with Circassia and Crimea to create a larger state
-Georgia declares independence
-Central Asia
-emirates entirely break away
-Kazakhs declare independence